Mammals of Karnataka
(with Mysore region species highlighted)
Vishwanath MK, Asst. Professor, NIE Mysore
Spotted Deer
Asiatic Elephant
Indian Gaur
- Karnataka has a wide variety of ecosystems namely forests, grasslands, marine, riverine, pond, brackish water and anthropogenic and accordingly a rich diversity of flora and fauna.
- The state has forest cover of 39,369 km2 which constitutes 20.5% of the total geographical area of the state.
- These forests support 25% of the elephant and 18% of the tiger population of India.
- There are five National Parks at Anshi, Bandipur, Bannerghatta, Kudremukh and Nagarhole; five Tiger Reserves at Bandipur, Bhadra, Nagarhole, Kali and Biligirirangana hills and 30 wildlife sancturaires, 15 Conservation Reserves, and one Community Reserve.
- The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, includes the western region of Karnataka.
- Outside the forests, Karnataka’s tree cover is estimated to be 5,733 km2. This accounts for 3.0% of the state’s geographical area and consists of tree plantations of rubber (Haevia braziliensis), silver oak (Grevilleaa robusta), dadap (Erythrina indica), mango (Mangifera indica), coconut (Cocos nucifera), cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale), eucalyptus, casurina (Casuarina equisetfolia) and other cash crops. The growing stock of woody biomass for major forest types has been estimated to be 417 million m3. This estimate considers both the forest inventory and trees outside forests.
- The biodiversity of Karnataka as a state however is estimated to have more than 1.2 lakh known species including 4,500 flowering plants, 800 fishes, 600 birds, 160 reptiles, 120 mammals and 1,493 medicinal plants. Some new species have been reported from Karnataka viz. Mangalore Narrow-mouthed Frog (Microhyla kodial), Semecarpus kathalekanensis, spider (Ornithoctonus gadgilli) and fresh water fish (Parabatasio sharavatensis). Hubbardia leptaneuron – a grass species found earlier at the Jog Falls – is reported to have gone extinct.
Lion Tailed Macaque
Bonnet Macaque
Gray Langur
Black Buck
Sambar
Four horned Antelope
CHECKLIST
PRIMATES
- Grey Slender Loris
- Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus – limited to Plains ( ಕಾಡುಪಾಪ kadupapa/ ಮಲೆ ಮನುಷ್ಯ male manushya /ವನ ಮನುಷ್ಯ vana manushya)
- Loris lydekkerianus malabaricus – limited to Western Ghats (ಚಿಂಗೆ ಕೂಳೆ chinge kule/ಬಿದುರು ಮೆಳೆ ಚಿಗರೆ bidira mele chigare)
- Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiate (ಕೋತಿ koti) *
- Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (ಸಿಂಗಲೀಕ singalika)
- Nilgiri Langur Semnopithecus johnii
- South-western Langur (ಮುಷ್ಯ Mushya)
- Semnopithecus hypoleucos achates – drier area (Nagarhole)
- Semnopithecus hypoleucos hypoleucos - moist deciduous to evergreen (Agumbe)
- Semnopithecus hypoleucosiulus – moist forest (Jog)
- South-eastern Langur
- Semnopithecus priam priam – Bandipur
- Semnopithecus priam anchires - Tumkur
ELEPHANTS
- Asian Elephant Elephas maximus (ಆನೆ Aane)*
EVEN-TOED UNGULATES
- Indian Chevrotain Moschiola indica (ಕೂರ koora)
- Indian or Red Muntajac Muntiacus muntjak (ಕಾಡು ಕುರಿ kadu koorie)*
- Sambar Rus unifolor (ಕಡುವೆ Kaduve)*
- Spotted Deer Axis porcinus (ಸಾರಂಗ ಜಿಂಕೆ saranga jinke)*
- Gaur Bos gaurus (ಕಾಡೆಮ್ಮೆ ಕೋಣ kademme & kona)
- Blue bull or Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (ಮರವಿ maravi ) ?
- Four-horned Antilope Tetracerus quadricornis (ಕೊಂಡು ಕುರಿ ಪೊಲಿ koondu koori poli )*
- Indian Gazelle Gazella bennetti (ಚಿಂಕಾರ chinkara)
- Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಮೃಗ /ಚಿಗರೆ Krishna mraga/ chigare)*
- Indian Wild Pig Sus scrofa (ಕಾಡು ಹಂದಿ kadu handi) *
Tiger
Wild Dog
Leopard
Sloth Bear
Jackal
Indian Fox
Palm Civet
Smooth Coated Otter
Smooth Coated Otter
Rusty spotted Cat
Ruddy Mongoose
Stripe necked Mongoose
CARNIVORES
- Tiger Panthera tigris (ಹುಲಿ Huli)*
- Common Leopard Panthera pardus (ಚಿರತೆ chirate)*
- Jungle Cat Felis chaus (ಕಾಡು ಬೆಕ್ಕು kaadu bekku) *
- Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis (ಹುಲಿ ಬೆಕ್ಕು huli bekku)*
- Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (ಮೀನುಗಾರ ಬೆಕ್ಕು minugara bekku)
- Rusty Spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus (ಕಾಡು ಬೆಕ್ಕು kaadu bekku )*
- Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hemaphroditus (ಮರ ಬೆಕ್ಕು mara bekku) *
- Brown Palm Civet Paradoxurus jerdoni (ಹೂಬಾಲ hoobala)
- Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (ಪುನಗಿನ ಬೆಕ್ಕು punagina bekku)*
- Malabar Civet Viverra civettina (ಮಂಗಳ ಕುಟ್ರಿಲ್ /ಜವಡಿಯ Mangala kutril / Jawadiya)
- Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii (ಮುಂಗುಸಿ Mungusi ) *
- Ruddy Mongoose Herpestes smithii (ಕೀರ keera )
- Stripe-necked Mongoose Herpestes vitticollis (ಕೀರ keera)
- Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus (ಕೀರ Keera )
- Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena (ಕಾಡು ಕಿರುಬ kadu keeruba )
- Grey Wold Canis lupus (ತೋಳ thola )
- Golden Jackal Canis aureus (ಗುಳ್ಳೆ ನರಿ gulle nari )*
- Wild Dog Cuon alpines (ಸೀಳು ನಾಯಿ / ಕಾನು ನಾಯಿ seelu nay /kanu nai)*
- Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis (ಸಣ್ಣ ನರಿ sanna nari )*
- Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus (ಕರಡಿ karadi )*
- Honey Badger Mellivora capensis ( ತರ ಕರಡಿ tara karadi )
- Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii Nilagiri (ಮರ ನಾಯಿ mara-naai )
- Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (ನೀರು ನಾಯಿ neeru nai )*
- Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra (ನೀರು ನಾಯಿ neer nai)
- Asian or Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea (ನೀರು ನಾಯಿ neerunai )
Grizzled Squirrel
Little Indian Field Mouse
Indian Giant Squirrel
LAGOMORPHS
- Indian Hare : Black-naped Hare Lepus nigricollis nigricollis (ಮೊಲ mola)*
PHOLIDOTES
- Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata (ಚಿಪ್ಪು ಹಂದಿ chipuu handi)*
TREE-SHREWS
- Madras OR Southern Tree Shrew Ananthan ellioti
INSECTIVORES
- Horsfield’s Shrew Crocidura horsfieldi ( recorded from Mysore)
- House Shrew Suncus murinus
- Pygmy-toothed Shrew Suncus etruscus
- Highland OR Hill Shrew Suncus niger
- Anderson’s OR Yellow-throated Shrew Suncus stoliczkanus
RODENTS
- Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica*
- Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica indica
- Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura
- Red Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista petaurista
- Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis
- Travancore Flying Squirrel Petinomys fuscocapillus
- 3 – Striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum
- 5 – Striped/ Northern Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii
- Dusky – striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus
- Jungle Striped Squirrel Funambulus tristriatus
- Indian Gerbil Tatera indica
- Malabar Spiny Dormouse Platacanthomys lasiurus
- Indian Long-tailed Mouse Vandeleuria nilagirica
- House Mouse Mus muscalus
- Little Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga
- Bonhote’s Mouse Mus famulus
- Spiny Field Mouse Mus platythrix
- Elliot’s Brown Spiny Mouse Mus saxicola
- Pygmy Field Mouse Mus terricolor
- Soft-furred Field Rat Millarida meltada
- White-tailed Wood Rat Madromys blandordi
- Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti
- Large Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica
- Lesser Bandicoot Rat / Indian Mole Rat Bandicota bengalensis
- House Rat / Black Rat Rattus rattus
- Sahyadris Forest Rat Rattus satarae
[*species documented during the study by Kumara, H.N., Sapthagirish, M.K., Sadananda, K.B. and Shivaprakash, A. (2010) in specific location where study has been conducted. Preparation of biodiversity conservation plan for Mysore Forest Division. Technical report submitted to Karnataka Forest Department, Mysore Forest Division, Mysore, Karnataka, India.]5
Indian Pipistrelle
Fruit Bat
Lesser false vampire by Vijayalakshmi
BATS
- Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganeus*
- Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis*
- Fulvous Fruit Bat Rosettus leschinaulti leschenaultia*
- Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx sphinx*
- Lesser Dawn Bat Eonycteris spelaea
- Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma hardwickii hardwickii
- Egyptian Free-tailed Bat Tadarida aegyptiaca
- Wrinkled-lipped Free-tailed Bat Chaerephon plicata
- Wroughton’s Tomb Bat Taphozous theobaldi
- Long-winged Tomb Bat Taphozous longimanus longimanus
- Naked-rumped Tomb Bat Taphozous nudiventris kachensis
- Black-bearded Tomb Bat Taphozous malanopogon melanopogon
- Greater False Vampire Megaderma lyra lyra*
- Lesser False Vampire Megaderma spasma horsfieldii
- Rugous Horse-shoe Bat Rhinolopus rouxii rouxii
- Blyths’ Horse-shoe Bat Rhinolophus Lepidus Lepidus
- Least Horse-shoe Bat Rhinolphus pusillus
- Lesser Woolly Horse-shoe bat Rhinolphus beddomei beddomei
- Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros ate rater
- Fulvous Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposiderous fulvus fulvus
- Anderrson’s Leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros Pomona Pomona
- Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros hypophyllus
- Schneiderr’s Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros speoris*
- Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros galeritus brachyotis
- Kelaart’s Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros lankadiva Indus
- Horsfield’s Bat Myotis hassiltii
- Peyton’s Whiskered Bat Myotis peytoni
- Indian Pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra*
- Indian Pigmy Bat Pripistrellus tenuis*
- Kelaart’s Pipistrelle Pipistrellus ceylonicus indicus*
- Dormer’s Bat Scotozous dormer dormer
- Chocolate Pipistrelle Flsistrellus affinis
- Asiatic Greater Yellow House Bat Scotophilus heathii heathii
- Lesser Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii*
- Tickell’s Bat Hesperoptenus tickelli tickelli
- Painted bat Kerivoula picta picta
- Hardwicke’s Forest Bat Kerivoula hardwickii
- Flat-headed bat Tylonycteris pachypus
- Nocobar Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus pusillus
[* 11 species (+ Rhinolopus sp) documented by Keshava Murthy M V, Pradeep M , Harshavardhan J, Ramya T M, Sunitha Kumari C K, Tejaswini and Prakash R Naik of Department of Studies in Zoology, Manasagangotri, Mysore. India]3
CETACEANS
- Indo-pacific OR Indian Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis
- Finless Porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides
- Indo-pacific Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops aduncus
- Long-beaked Common Dolphin Delphinus capensis
- Long-snouted Spinner Dolphin Stenelia longirostris
- Pan-tropical Spotted Dolphin Stenella attenuate
- Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus
- Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus
- Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus
Reference & further readings:
- INDIAN MAMMALS – A Field guide by Vivek Menon (publisher: Hachette Book Publishing India Pvt. Ltd, Gurgaon) provides very detailed information up to subspecies level, is kept open for field-test scrutiny since scripted using peer-reviewed articles and vast field experience. The Field guide is a treasure of scientific information related to Indian mammals.
- https://www.karnataka.gov.in/kbb/Pages/Mammals-of-Karnataka.aspx
- http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jestft/papers/vol8-issue11/Version-2/F081122831.pdf
- Predicting the potential distribution of the lesser-known endemic Madras edgehog Paraechinus nudiventris (Order: Eulipotyphla, Family: Erinaceidae) in southern India by Brawin Kumar, Santhanakrishnan Babu and Honnavalli N. Kumara. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0101
- https://www.mysorenature.org/mysorenature/biodiversity-conservation-plan Refer: Chapter 2 Pages 15 -22; Appendix I Pages 15 - 16